The Certainty of Uncertainty

The Certainty of Uncertainty

Trade in Whisky;

The big news this week came from the US bond market, which saw the yield curve normalise for the first time since mid-2022. That means the 10-year bond yield is now marginally above the 2-year yield, and so the yield curve is no longer “inverted”. This is the normal state of affairs because it incentivises the banks to make long-term loans, as long-term rates, where they lend, are higher than short-term rates, where they borrow.  

Yield Curve Normalisation

Source: Bloomberg

Yet an inverted curve is thought to forecast a recession (pink verticals), just as it did in 1982, 1989, 2001, 2007 and 2020. Yet those with an eagle eye will notice that the inverted curve warned of trouble ahead, but the past recessions didn’t start until the yield curve normalised. Might this time be different?

It is hard to say because it’s September, the month of uncertainty. Tomorrow, the US releases inflation data, which is likely to be soft, and next Tuesday, we will find out not only the scale of the rate cuts but the accompanying message. Is it a weak economy or justified easing in the face of falling inflation? The messaging will be more important than the level of the cuts.

If the macro isn’t enough, there’s US politics, which are neck and neck. Tonight sees the first TV debate between Trump and Harris, which will be eventful. Presumably, Harris is more of the same, and Trump is more of what was before, but with experience to get things done. The stockmarket has done well under both regimes, but even the US stockmarket can have too much of a good thing.

US Presidential Election Polls

Source: Bloomberg

There are still some other inconvenient truths, such as rising unemployment, weak commodities, sluggish industrial demand, and this chart. The pandemic saw personal savings surge, but that is well and truly behind us. We are seeing a squeezed consumer, from which lower rates can’t come soon enough.

Consumer Savings Weak

Source: Bloomberg

Not to forget China, which continues to slow, as shown by its consumption of oil. I show Chinese demand against nominal GDP, which has grown 13-fold over two decades when oil demand was up 3x. The Chinese economy is less dependent on oil to grow than it was 20 years ago, which is normal as an economy develops. Yet demand (green) has levelled off, and this is further evidence that the post-pandemic Chinese recovery has been underwhelming.

Chinese Oil Demand Slows

Source: Bloomberg

It helps to explain why commodity prices have softened in the face of lower demand. The squeeze from the pandemic disruption years is behind us, and previously reliable Chinese demand has become sluggish.

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